![<p>Jimmy Carter signs the Humphrey-Hawkins Bill, October 27, 1978 (via Jimmy Carter Library and National Archives and Records Administration, <a href="https://catalog.archives.gov/id/1d82117">NAID 182117</a>) </p>](/-/media/images/legislation_720x450-green.gif)
Various pieces of legislation have shaped the Fed’s structure and policy mandates.
![President Obama Signs the Dodd-Frank Act](/-/media/images/dodd_frank_act_1.jpg)
Dodd-Frank Act
This wide-ranging legislation was signed by President Obama in 2010
![Jim Leach, R-Iowa, Phil Gramm, R-Texas, and Thomas J. Bliley Jr., R-Va., during a press conference on their compromise bill.](/-/media/images/gramm_leach_bliley_1.jpg)
Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act
The 1999 Act promoted financial integration by repealing parts of the Glass-Steagall Act while giving the Fed new supervisory powers
![<p>Graphic from the Board of Governors <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20050204084157/http:/www.federalreserve.gov/pubs/riskyhomeloans/default.htm">website</a>
in 2005. </p>](/-/media/images/HOEPA_720x450.png)
Home Ownership and Equity Protection Act of 1994
HOEPA addresses unfair, deceptive, or abusive mortgage lending practices
![President Clinton signs the Interstate Banking and Branching Efficiency Act of 1994 as Senate Banking Committee Chairman Don Riegle and Treasury Secretary Lloyd Bentson look on.](/-/media/images/riegle_neal_act_720x450.jpg)
Riegle-Neal Act
The 1994 law removed many of the restrictions on bank branching across state lines
![The Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation Building in Washington, D.C.](/-/media/images/fdicia_720x450.jpg)
FDICIA
The 1991 Act was intended to address problems in the banking and thrift industries
![President Ronald Reagan signs the Garn-St. Germain Act in the White House Rose Garden surrounded by administration officials and members of Congress.](/-/media/images/garn_st_germain_act_720x450.jpg)
Garn-St Germain Act
The 1982 Act aimed to ease pressures on depository institutions as the Fed acted to curb inflation
![Chairman Volcker speaks at a meeting of administration officials and congressional leaders in 1980](/-/media/images/monetary_control_act_1980_1_720x450.jpg)
Monetary Control Act
The 1980 Act was one of the most important laws to affect the Fed in its 100-year history
![Senator Muriel Humphrey shakes hands with President Jimmy Carter after the signing of the Humphrey-Hawkins Act](/-/media/images/humphrey_hawkins_act_720x450.jpg)
Full Employment and Balanced Growth Act
Commonly called Humphrey-Hawkins, the 1978 Act set new goals for the nation’s economic policymakers
![Fed Chairman Arthur Burns (left) with President Jimmy Carter, future Fed Chairman G. William Miller, and Miller's wife Ariadna Miller ](/-/media/images/fed_reform_act_720x450.jpg)
Federal Reserve Reform Act
This 1977 law was instrumental in shaping the current Fed
![Masthead from the Summer 1993 Kansas City Fed community affairs newsletter ](/-/media/images/cra_720x450.jpg)
Community Reinvestment Act
The Federal Reserve and other federal banking agencies have implemented the CRA since its passage in 1977
![Dwight D. Eisenhower Speaking to the Press](/-/media/images/bank_holding_company_act_720x450.jpg)
Bank Holding Company Act
In 1956, Congress gave the Fed increased oversight of the banking industry
![President Harry Truman Signs Employment Act of 1946](/-/media/images/employment_act_720x450.jpg)
Employment Act
President Truman signed the Act in 1946 in the aftermath of WWII
![President Roosevelt chats with various politicians and administration officials as he signs the Banking Act of 1935.](/-/media/images/banking_act_1935_720x450.jpg)
Banking Act of 1935
This legislation restructured the Fed in both cosmetic and consequential ways
![President Roosevelt signs the Gold Reserve Act](/-/media/images/gold_reserve_act_1_720x450.jpg)
Gold Reserve Act
The 1934 law was the culmination of FDR’s controversial gold program
![President Roosevelt signs the Glass-Steagall Act alongside the bill's co-sponsors, Senator Carter Glass and Representative Henry Steagall, and others.](/-/media/images/glass_steagall_720x450.jpg)
Banking Act of 1933
Commonly called Glass-Steagall, the Act was widely debated before its enactment
![President Franklin Roosevelt signing the Emergency Banking Act](/-/media/images/emergency_banking_act_1_720x450.jpg)
Emergency Banking Act
The 1933 law was aimed at restoring public confidence in the nation’s financial system
![President Herbert Hoover and reconstruction leaders meet in Washington on February 6, 1932, to discuss the president's contemplated campaign against national hoarding](/-/media/images/banking_act_of_1932_1_720x450.jpg)
Banking Act of 1932
The Banking Act of 1932 reformed the Federal Reserve’s role providing credit during economic downturns.
![<p>Clerks at the Reconstruction Finance Corporation computing interest on RFC loans, c. 1937</p>](/-/media/images/rfc-1932-720x450.jpg)
Reconstruction Finance Corporation Act
During the years 1932 and 1933, the Reconstruction Finance Corporation effectively served as the discount lending arm of the Federal Reserve Board.
![The Honorable Louis McFadden](/-/media/images/mcfadden_act_1_720x450.jpg)
McFadden Act
The Fed’s success led to this legislation in 1927, which rechartered the Federal Reserve Banks in perpetuity among other items
![<p>President Wilson signing the Federal Reserve Act </p>](/-/media/images/federal_reserve_act_signed_720x450.jpg)
Federal Reserve Act Signed
The Federal Reserve Act became law in December 1913, culminating three years of debate